
Q: When should people consider life insurance?
A: It depends on an individual's circumstances. Obvious times to consider it are when you assume new financial obligations like a mortgage or need to provide income security for dependents such as a spouse or children.
In later life, it can be used to create a significant charitable gift, pay taxes on death or for more complex estate planning purposes. Any time you need to create, or preserve, financial value, life insurance can be a very cost-effective option. And like most financial arrangements that rely on investment growth, time can be on your side if you start early. You should also keep in mind that the price you will pay for life insurance reflects your medical history. Life insurers review that history when you apply for your policy, but can't ask for new medical evidence later on, unless you request certain changes to the policy. provide "guaranteed purchase" options, which will allow you to purchase additional coverage at specified intervals, without new medical evidence.
Q: What are the main types of life insurance and their distinctive features?
A: Most people think of three main types: term life, whole life and universal life.
Term insurance is intended to provide coverage for a period of temporary need. It is relatively inexpensive, so it is often the best way to maximize coverage for people on a tight budget. Premiums can be the same throughout the period you own the policy, or increase at five or 10-year intervals. It typically has no savings value, which means the premiums in later years can actually be higher than if you had originally bought whole life or universal life insurance.
Whole life is what your parents probably bought - permanent coverage with a level premium that includes a savings portion. This cash value can be paid out to you if you decide you no longer need coverage, although it may be partially taxable. "Participating" whole-life policies pay annual dividends that can be used to pay premiums, increase coverage, held on deposit earning interest, or paid out to you. You can also typically take a loan against the cash value and the value of any dividends held in the policy, or use the policy as collateral for a loan.
Universal life is more flexible, bridging the difference between whole life and term and separating the cost of coverage each year from the contributions to the investment portion of the policy. These policies typically have several investment options you can mix and match. Life-insurance companies also provide group-life insurance through employers, unions or even clubs or associations to which you may belong.
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